Medicinal Mushrooms For Holistic Trauma Healing

How To Heal Depression, Addiction and Anxiety With Mushrooms

Photo by Andrew Ridley on Unsplash

Being a nurse and survivor of sexual assault, I’ve developed a deep interest in helping those who survived trauma, violence and poverty to build a better life out of the fragments of their past.

While I developed programs for Rewire Trauma Therapy to help those on a budget heal from trauma using online body-based and somatic therapies, I also delved into the world of mushrooms and their application as tiny solutions for huge problems. 

From the mushrooms we find in our grocery stores to mushroom supplements, and even psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy conducted at Johns Hopkins University’s research center, mushrooms are currently experiencing a surge in popularity. 

I was intrigued and sought to determine if they warranted the attention they were receiving.

Delving into the world of mushrooms and trauma healing, I learned about how psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy and magic mushrooms can turn off our brain’s default mode network to jumpstart the growth of new neural pathways to heal addiction, depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms in general.

I spoke with Dr. Maya Shetreat, MD, neurologist, and herbalist, who confirmed that both regular store-bought and magic mushrooms do indeed play an integral role in healing the body from stress, addiction, and trauma. 

I had the privilege of interviewing Dr. David Nutt, a psychiatrist and Professor at Imperial College London. The Founding Chair of the charity DrugScience.org.uk and past president of the European Brain Council, the British Association for Psychopharmacology, and the British Neuroscience Association, Dr. David Nutt went into great scientific detail describing the benefits of magic mushrooms to heal the brain. 

I learned that unlike other psychedelics, such as MDMA, magic mushrooms do not deplete serotonin levels which can leave us feeling down or depressed after treatment or intake. Hence, mushrooms often leave therapy clients with a long-lasting healing glow.

I interviewed Dr. Vanessa Ruiz, ND, RN-BSN, a Naturopathic physician and registered nurse. She explained in our interviews how mushroom varieties and roots like Ashwagandha and Reishi act as ‘adaptogens’ which support our bodies to recover and restore balance after chronic stress or trauma. 

I was officially sold and can confidently say that mushrooms live up to the hype.

In this article, we will explore the therapeutic potential of the mushrooms we find in our grocery stores (and perhaps in the hippy next door’s underwear drawer) in addressing conditions such as anxiety, depression, addiction, and hunger, while also examining their role in environmental sustainability efforts.

Mushrooms exhibit remarkable potential to boost the immune system in survivors coping with trauma and chronic stress, as well as to contribute to environmental efforts such as cleaning up oil spills in oceans and combating pollution by consuming plastic. They also offer a swift solution for food production to address the needs of communities facing hunger.

While traveling through Post Apartheid South Africa, I learned that this country has one of the highest sexual assault rates in the world, and this spikes when the electricity disappears. The government calls these widespread scheduled power outages,  ‘loadshedding’. About 18 Million people are living in extreme poverty, most located in slums they call ‘Townships’, often without running water, food, or safety. 

It was in South Africa that I met a local who was sympathetic to the plight of these millions living in poverty and started a passion project to help people grow their own food during COVID-19. 

Alec Scott, founded The Mushroom Box and grew this passion into his obsession and then his business. Alec explained that in his view, everybody should be able to freely grow their own food. One of the fastest growing foods in the world, the oyster mushroom takes about 3-4 weeks to grow and is high in protein. 

Fun fact: Oyster mushrooms also come in pink and gold variations and can make beautiful houseplants when not being thrown into your salad!

Photo by Irina Iacob on Unsplash

Mushrooms have been integral components of traditional medicine systems across cultures for centuries, revered for their myriad health benefits and therapeutic properties. This article delves into the extensive medicinal properties of ten distinct types of mushrooms, their historical significance, primary health benefits, and optimal methods for integration into daily life.

1. Lion's Mane Mushroom:

Lion's Mane mushroom, scientifically known as Hericium erinaceus, stands out for its remarkable capacity to support cognitive health and promote neural regeneration. Traditionally utilized in Chinese and Japanese medicine, Lion's Mane has gained traction in modern wellness practices for its potential in enhancing brain function. Key compounds like hericenones and erinacines found in Lion's Mane stimulate Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) synthesis, facilitating nerve tissue growth and bolstering motor function. This mushroom's neuroprotective properties and ability to combat age-related cognitive decline make it a valuable addition to daily supplementation routines. 

2. Reishi Mushroom:

Reishi mushroom, Ganoderma lingzhi, earns its moniker as the "Mushroom of Immortality" owing to its extensive historical use in traditional Chinese medicine. Renowned for its ability to promote restful sleep, fortify the immune system, and enhance respiratory health, Reishi holds a revered status in holistic wellness practices. Polysaccharides present in Reishi are associated with immune system modulation, while its adaptogenic properties help mitigate stress and support overall well-being. 

3. Cordyceps Mushroom:

Cordyceps mushroom, particularly Cordyceps militaris, emerges as a potent energizing tonic revered in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. Acknowledged for its capacity to enhance physical performance and augment energy levels, Cordyceps is a favored choice among athletes and fitness enthusiasts seeking natural performance enhancers. Its ATP-boosting abilities and anti-inflammatory properties make it a valuable ally in supporting exercise endurance and recovery. Additionally, Cordyceps exhibits immune-modulating effects, further bolstering its status as a comprehensive wellness supplement. 

4. Chaga Mushroom:

Chaga mushroom, scientifically referred to as Inonotus obliquus, emerges from the frigid regions of Russia and northern climates, boasting an impressive array of health-promoting properties. Esteemed for its antioxidant-rich composition and ability to support digestive health, Chaga has been utilized in traditional Russian folk medicine for generations. Its high antioxidant content aids in neutralizing free radicals, protecting cells from oxidative stress, and fostering overall vitality. Chaga's role in promoting healthy digestion and nourishing the skin further solidifies its status as a coveted wellness supplement. 

 5. Turkey Tail Mushroom:

Turkey Tail mushroom, scientifically known as Trametes versicolor, stands as a formidable immune-supporting powerhouse revered in traditional medicine systems worldwide. Adorned with concentric rings reminiscent of a turkey's tail feathers, this mushroom contains protein-bound polysaccharides known for their immune-modulating effects. Extensively researched for their ability to enhance immune system function, these polysaccharides stimulate cytokine production and boost natural killer cell activity, fortifying the body's defenses against pathogens. With its rich beta-glucan content and long-standing reputation in traditional medicine, Turkey Tail remains a staple in holistic wellness practices. 

6. Shiitake Mushroom:

Shiitake mushroom, scientifically referred to as Lentinula edodes, occupies a prominent position in both culinary traditions and medicinal practices across Asia. Revered for its ability to promote cardiovascular health, support immune function, and offer potent antioxidant protection, Shiitake enjoys widespread popularity as a versatile wellness supplement. Its polysaccharide content, including lentinan and eritadenine, contributes to its immune-modulating effects and cholesterol-regulating properties, making it a valuable ally in maintaining overall well-being. 

7. Maitake Mushroom:

Maitake mushroom, Grifola frondosa, garners acclaim for its ability to promote healthy blood pressure levels and bolster immune function. Embraced in traditional Chinese medicine for its spleen-nourishing properties and qi-enhancing effects, Maitake holds a cherished place in holistic wellness practices. Rich in polysaccharides such as beta-glucans, Maitake supports healthy cell growth and turnover, contributing to its immune-strengthening capabilities. 

8. Oyster Mushroom:

Oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus, distinguishes itself with its ability to support heart health, metabolic function, and cholesterol regulation. Praised for its nutritional profile rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, Oyster mushrooms offer a flavorful addition to culinary creations while delivering a host of health benefits. Compounds like lovastatin, ergothioneine, and ACE-inhibiting peptides present in Oyster mushrooms contribute to their cholesterol-lowering effects and cardiovascular support. 

9. Agaricus Mushroom:

Agaricus mushroom, scientifically known as Agaricus bisporus, emerges as a potent ally in supporting cardiovascular health and providing essential vitamin D. Widely cultivated and consumed globally, Agaricus mushrooms offer a versatile and nutrient-rich addition to culinary preparations. Its carbohydrate profile benefits gut health, while compounds like ergothioneine and polyphenols support a healthy inflammation response and cardiovascular function. 

10. Tremella Mushroom:

Tremella mushroom, Tremella fuciformis, earns acclaim for its skin-enhancing properties and anti-aging benefits. Revered as a beauty powerhouse in traditional Chinese medicine, Tremella boasts hydrating polysaccharides that penetrate the skin effectively, promoting moisture retention and suppleness. Additionally, Tremella exhibits potent antioxidant and immune-boosting properties, contributing to its multifaceted health benefits. 

11. Ashwagandha: 

While not a mushroom or fungus, ashwagandha is a medicinal herb with a rich history in traditional medicine systems like Ayurveda. It is known for its adaptogenic properties, which help the body adapt to stress and promote overall well-being. Ashwagandha offers a wide range of health benefits, including anxiety relief, improved sleep, enhanced focus and memory, immune system support, heart health, blood sugar regulation, and reproductive health. It is revered for its ability to support the nervous system in recovering from stress and trauma.

Five Fast-Growing Mushrooms For An Affordable Food Supply:

1. Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus spp.): Oyster mushrooms are known for their rapid growth, often maturing within a few weeks after inoculation. They are favored by cultivators for their speed and versatility, as they can be cultivated on various substrates such as straw, sawdust, or even coffee grounds.

2. Shiitake Mushroom (Lentinula edodes): While not as fast-growing as oyster mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms still have a relatively quick growth rate compared to other species. Under optimal conditions, shiitake mycelium can colonize substrates within a few weeks, with mushrooms ready for harvest in a couple of months.

3. Lion's Mane Mushroom (Hericium erinaceus): Lion's mane mushrooms have a moderate growth rate, but they can still be considered relatively fast-growing compared to some other mushroom species. Depending on the cultivation method and environmental conditions, lion's mane mushrooms can be ready for harvest within a few months.

4. Cordyceps Mushroom (Cordyceps spp.): Cordyceps mushrooms have a unique growth habit as they parasitize insect larvae in the wild. Cultivated cordyceps species, such as Cordyceps militaris, can be grown on various substrates and have a relatively fast growth rate compared to their wild counterparts.

5. Maitake Mushroom (Grifola frondosa): Maitake mushrooms, also known as hen of the woods, have a slower growth rate compared to some other mushrooms. However, they can still be considered relatively fast-growing, particularly under optimal growing conditions.

These mushrooms are popular choices for cultivation due to their speed of growth, making them suitable options for home growers and commercial cultivators alike.

Five High Protein Mushrooms:

While mushrooms are not typically considered high-protein foods compared to animal products like meat or eggs, some varieties contain more protein than others. Here are a few mushrooms known for their high protein content:

1. Shiitake Mushrooms (Lentinula edodes): Shiitake mushrooms are one of the highest protein mushrooms, containing about 2.2 grams of protein per 100 grams of fresh mushrooms. They also provide essential amino acids, making them a valuable addition to vegetarian and vegan diets.

2. Oyster Mushrooms (Pleurotus spp.): Oyster mushrooms are another good source of protein among mushrooms, containing around 2.5 grams of protein per 100 grams. They are also low in calories and fat, making them a nutritious choice for various dishes.

3. Portobello Mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus): Portobello mushrooms, which are mature cremini mushrooms, contain about 3.1 grams of protein per 100 grams. These large mushrooms are often used as a meat substitute in vegetarian dishes due to their hearty texture and flavor.

4. Maitake Mushrooms (Grifola frondosa): Maitake mushrooms, also known as hen of the woods, contain approximately 2.3 grams of protein per 100 grams. While not as high in protein as some other varieties, they still provide a decent amount along with other nutrients.

5. Enoki Mushrooms (Flammulina velutipes): Enoki mushrooms are smaller in size but relatively high in protein, with around 2.2 grams of protein per 100 grams. They are commonly used in Asian cuisine and add a delicate texture to dishes.

Five Top Universities And What They Are Saying About Mushrooms For Depression, Anxiety, Addiction And Trauma Healing:

1. Johns Hopkins University Studies on Mushrooms:

Johns Hopkins University has been at the forefront of mushroom research, not only focusing on psilocybin but also exploring other types of mushrooms such as reishi, shiitake, and more. Studies led by researchers like Roland Griffiths have delved into the potential therapeutic benefits of various mushroom compounds for mental health disorders like anxiety, depression, addiction, and trauma.

Research has shown that compounds found in mushrooms like reishi may possess adaptogenic properties that could help alleviate symptoms of stress and anxiety.

Additionally, substances like lion's mane mushroom have shown promise in promoting neurogenesis and cognitive function, which may have implications for treating conditions like depression.

While much of the focus remains on psilocybin, Johns Hopkins researchers are also investigating the therapeutic potential of other mushrooms and their compounds, both individually and in combination with traditional therapies.

2. Imperial College London Research on Mushroom Varieties:
Imperial College London has expanded its research beyond psilocybin to explore the therapeutic potential of various mushroom species for mental health disorders, particularly depression.

Studies led by researchers such as Robin Carhart-Harris have examined the effects of compounds found in mushrooms like lion's mane and reishi on mood and neural function.

Functional imaging studies have indicated that certain mushroom compounds may modulate brain activity in regions associated with mood regulation and emotional processing, offering potential avenues for novel antidepressant treatments.

Imperial College researchers are also investigating the synergistic effects of combining different mushroom varieties to enhance therapeutic outcomes, shedding light on the complex interactions between mushroom compounds and their mechanisms of action in the brain.

3. University of Zurich Studies on Mushroom Therapy:

The University of Zurich has broadened its focus to include various mushroom species in its research on anxiety-related disorders.

Led by Franz Vollenweider and colleagues, studies have explored the anxiolytic effects of compounds found in mushrooms like reishi and lion's mane.

Research findings suggest that certain mushroom compounds may modulate serotonin receptor activity and neural circuits implicated in anxiety, offering potential therapeutic benefits for conditions such as generalized anxiety disorder and social anxiety disorder.

They’re also investigating the mechanisms underlying the anxiolytic effects of mushroom compounds, aiming to elucidate their pharmacological properties and optimize their therapeutic use in clinical settings.

4. Psychedelic Research at New York University (NYU) and UCLA:

New York University and UCLA have expanded their psychedelic research to include various mushroom species beyond psilocybin, particularly in the context of trauma-related conditions like PTSD.

Collaborative studies emphasize the potential therapeutic benefits of compounds found in mushrooms like lion's mane and reishi for trauma survivors.

Preliminary findings suggest that mushroom-assisted therapy may help reduce PTSD symptoms and improve quality of life, highlighting the importance of integrating different mushroom varieties into therapeutic frameworks.

NYU and UCLA researchers are also exploring innovative approaches to mushroom-assisted therapy, such as combining mushroom compounds with established psychotherapeutic techniques to enhance treatment outcomes for PTSD and other trauma-related disorders.

5. Microdosing Studies at the University of Toronto and UC Berkeley:

Microdosing research conducted at the University of Toronto and UC Berkeley has expanded to include various mushroom species beyond psilocybin.

Researchers like Thomas Anderson and James Fadiman are investigating the effects of microdosing with compounds found in mushrooms like lion's mane and reishi on mood, cognition, and well-being.

While anecdotal reports suggest potential benefits for mood enhancement and cognitive function, controlled studies are needed to confirm these effects and elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action.

The University of Toronto and UC Berkeley are also exploring the long-term effects of microdosing with different mushroom varieties, aiming to establish safe and effective protocols for integrating mushroom-based interventions into mental health care.

Ahhh our world of mushrooms is quickly budding and sprouting!

In the quest to address global challenges like depression, anxiety,  hunger,  trauma and even climate health, mushrooms have emerged as potent allies offering a myriad of health benefits and therapeutic properties. 

Throughout history, mushrooms have been revered in traditional medicine systems across cultures, and modern research continues to uncover their remarkable potential for promoting well-being and healing.

While mushrooms alone may not solve all our problems, they undoubtedly hold immense promise in our collective quest for a healthier, more sustainable, and more compassionate earth. 

By embracing the wisdom of traditional healing practices and leveraging cutting-edge scientific research, we can unlock the full potential of mushrooms to nourish our bodies, soothe our minds, and inspire our spirits.